Social Media And Local Media - 1112 Words

†¢ We will start our campaign in the beginning of June till the end of September in 2017. Our main goal is to reach 1000 millennials in the Fort Worth area in those four months. †¢ We’re going to be doing a lot of advertisements throughout radio broadcasting, local news in the DFW area, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. †¢ Our goal is use social media and local media to captivate people attention to our fundraiser. We are also using these types of media because they are a daily use to most people and is a useful and time effective way to create a buzz for this fundraiser. Budget The budget will be put towards advertisements in local news media and social media, will be costly but is very effective. The budget will be divided into two†¦show more content†¦And lastly, use newspaper that offers local popular restaurants and events to reach both primary and secondary markets. We will partner with the newspaper to use their statistics on their paper to track the success. †¢ The second objective was created was to generate awareness by 5 percent of the total millennial population in the Fort Worth area from June 1, 2017 until September 29, 2017. The Young Professionals Association will hold many events throughout the summer months to generate awareness for Lena Pope. YPA will hold an 80’s art contest where they get a chance to get their art displayed at Rock the Fort. Millennials would be targeted through many bars in Fort Worth and through organizations throughout Texas Christian University campus. The success of the contest will be monitored through the number of those who sign up for the contest. The participants will have to sign up for Lena Pope’s mailing list in order to participate. This will make it easier to measure the success and see the involvement towards the organization. Additionally, we will offer a free entrance done through radio call in. Reach the millennial population and secondary target market of 30 to 40 year olds in the Fort Worth area. This will also be measured through the cooperation with the radio stations who give us the complete number of those who tried to call. Also, YPA will start a free yoga class in Fort Worth. The yoga class will be managedShow MoreRelatedProcedia Social Medi A Study On March March 2014 Local Media Analysis883 Words   |  4 PagesSeda Çakar Mengà ¼, Yesim Gà ¼Ãƒ §demir, Dilek Ertà ¼rk, and Seà §kin Canan are the authors of Political preferences of generation Y university student with regards to governance and social media: A study on march 2014 local elections. The journal title is Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. The volume number is 174 with page numbers of 791 to 797. Publication year was February of 2015. The major purpose of the research understands young peoples interest in politics. 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Knowledge Is Power, And That s The Problem - 880 Words

Celsius 233 º Knowledge is power, and that’s the problem. In the futuristic writings of author Ray Bradbury, one can see the impractical problems they believe books cause in their society. In Bradbury’s, Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag a Fireman, not to be confused with a firefighter, was forced to burn books. Using a kerosene spray gun or flamethrower, Montag would take the books and burn them. Although the books held a plethora of information, this lack knowledge lead to a dystopian society full of censorship, ignorant unlearned individuals, and technological advancements beyond those which we know of today. It was not until Montag stole a book that he had a change of heart. Censorship is a government, or other groups control of the information being circulated and presented in a society. Social media, news, radio and television, all of which a forms of communication and avenues of information used each day. Although, the information provided often seems valid and true, it has been, and will be censored to the furthest extent by those who monitor the things one presents to the outside world making it public information. Although one may not realize it, censorship is still being used today on a daily basis. Whether it is a profane word taken out of a song, bleeps on a TV show, or partial truths reported in a news article, all are forms of modern day censorship. Through censorship, one may do the unthinkable and even go against his or her beliefs; much like Guy Montag did inShow MoreRelatedA Virtue Epistemology By Ernest Sosa987 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan working there full-time in 2007. He became known as one of the leading epistemologists while working at Rutgers. Epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief.1 In 1991 he wrote the book Knowledge in Perspective and in 2007 he wrote A Virtue Epistemology. 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Study into education and people with disabilities Free Essays

This essay will look at what supports are available for the parents of a five twelvemonth old male child with a physical disablement to enable him to go to mainstream school. The essay will look briefly at the historical position sing instruction and people with disablements, how constructs such as standardization and inclusion impacted on the integrating of people with disablements in mainstream school, therefore the term mainstreaming and the policies and supports that run alongside these constructs and if these policies are brooding of a rights based attack. Commissariats are in topographic point for kids below school age ( up to age 6 ) with physical disablements to go to particular pre-schools that have installations that support their demands ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Study into education and people with disabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now But commissariats are non in topographic point for pre-school services within mainstream schools hence in relation to this subject the term school will associate to primary mainstream schools. Main Body In the Census 2002 it was estimated that about 324,000 people in the population were populating with a disablement ( National Disability Authority, on the Web, neodymium ) . Disability in relation to people is considered to be a â€Å" limitation in their capacity to take part in economic, societal or cultural life on history of a physical, centripetal, acquisition, mental wellness or emotional damage † ( Commission on the Status of People with Disabilities ( 1996 ) cited in Finnerty and Collins, 2005:277 ) . McDonnell ( 2003:28 ) suggests that disablement is non the existent â€Å" damage † but really the barriers within society that dis-enable the individual to take part within mainstream society. Harmonizing to Barnes and Mercer ( 2003 ) the political and societal perceptual experiences of people with disablements was challenged from the 1960 ‘s onwards in that the general position at the clip was to see the individual based on their sensed restrictions. These perceptual experiences were challenged by disablement groups on achieving rights that were attributed to other citizens to besides be attributed for people with disablements. One of the challenges to the traditionally held positions of disablement is the construct of standardization which Walmsley ( 1997 ) provinces was developed by Nirje ( 1969 ) to foreground that people with disablements should hold chances to bask the mundane happenings of life. In that what is the norm for the bulk should be available to people with disablements ( Mitchell 2004 ) . A cardinal component within standardization is inclusion ( Walmsley, 1997 ) . Inclusion became a cardinal component in the development of an integrated educational system ( Finnerty and Collins, 2005 ) . A cardinal factor in inclusion is to take the invisibleness that surrounded people with disablements in the yesteryear and that programmes such as incorporate instruction are a manner of leting kids with disablements to hold a more seeable and positive profile ( Dare and O’Donovan, 2002 ) . The Warnock Report ( 1978 ) cited in Dare and O’Donovan ( 2002 ) reviewed the educational demands of kids with disablements and found that kids with disablements should go to a mainstream school unless it could non supply satisfactorily for their peculiar demands. Education in the early 1900 ‘s was within a unintegrated format of particular schools for people with disablements that reinforced their exclusion from mainstream society. The construct of mainstreaming in which kids with particular demands were catered for within mainstream schools was introduced in Ireland in the 1970 ‘s and was regarded as a more appropriate manner of supplying incorporate instruction ( McDonnell, 2003 ) . But this proviso for particular educational demands within mainstream school still created exclusion in that the format was through particular demands categories and still created distinction ( McDonnell, 2003 ) . Although harmonizing to the Salamanca Statement ( 1994 ) on instruction for people with disablements, inclusion was regarded as proviso within mainstream schools ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . Rights Based Approach The European Social Charter ( 1996 ) states that people with disablements have â€Å" a right to independence, societal integrating and engagement in the life of the community † ( Lawson on the Web, nd:8 ) : and that it places an burden on its member provinces to set in topographic point supports that overcomes barriers to inclusion and engagement. Unfortunately this Charter has merely been signed off by a few member provinces and that the rights included within it have no legal demand. Harmonizing to Lawson ( on the Web, neodymium ) the rights based attack with respect to disablement provinces that people with disablements should hold the same rights as the bulk and that in order to accomplish this that three factors are cardinal. Engagement in their community should non be limited by social barriers such as attitudes towards disablement, or limited by handiness of supports. Engagement is affected by handiness. In that public services should be inclusive with respect to supplying entree for all, for illustration that public conveyance make proper adjustments for the demands of people with disablements. Underscoring the constructs of engagement and handiness are that authorities societal policies allow proviso for disablement issues within mainstream policy formation instead than specific disablement policies which in their nature create greater segregation of people with disablements. ( Lawson, on the Web, neodymium ) . Harmonizing to De Wispelaere and Walsh ( 2007:521 ) when services for people with disablements are still determined within a â€Å" societal public assistance theoretical account † in that the handiness of services are still decided by public organic structures that a rights based attack is non in topographic point. The rights based attack theoretical account would propose that the rights of a individual with disablements are specified in jurisprudence and that a deficiency of this proviso of those rights should let for resort through the general legal system. In Ireland there are presently three models for proviso of instruction for people with disablements, foremost the pupil can go to mainstream school with support from a resource instructor or particular demands helper. The 2nd option is the pupil can go to a particular category within the mainstream school or thirdly the pupil may go to a school designated as a particular school with supports for peculiar disablements ( The National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . Assorted statute laws have impacted on the proviso of instruction. The Constitution of Ireland ( 1937 ) states that every kid should hold entree to instruction ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . Education Act ( 1998 ) The Education Act ( 1998 ) stated that instruction was to be provided for all kids and specifically references that kids with particular educational demands be provided for and â€Å" have the same right to avail of and benefit from appropriate instruction as do their equals † ( National Council for Special Education, 2006:79 ) . The Education Act ( 1998 ) allowed that support would be available for extra educational resources such as appraisals of pupils, proficient AIDSs but these excessively were assessed as to what was appropriate and were non an automatic entitlement ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007 ) . The Act besides provided for the puting up of the National Council for Special Education that would move as an independent administration that would within its maps co-ordinate the allotment of educational supports ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . The Act ( 1998 ) stated that kids with disablements had a right to education but the term â€Å" appropriate † allowed for measuring based on what resources were available ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007:532 ) . Therefore this would propose that the Act was non rights based in that the proviso of supports were decided non by factors of engagement or inclusion but by resources. Education Welfare Act ( 2000 ) The Education Welfare Act ( 2000 ) although its chief purpose was to advance attending at schools, is of effect to kids with disablements in that many kids with disablements are non go toing schools because no appropriate school is available. The enrollment procedure within the Act allows that such kids that are being schooled at place are to be assessed by the Health Service Executive to guarantee that the kid is having a criterion of instruction expected, although there is no index of the expected minimal criterion for kids with disablements ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . Equal Status Act ( 2000 ) and ( 2004 ) The Equal Status Act ( 2000 ) amended in ( 2004 ) promoted equality and prohibited favoritism in relation to entree and proviso of services with respect to nine factors of which favoritism because of disablement is one ( Government of Ireland, 2000 ) . In relation to education this considers admittance policies, entree for the pupil to school, edifice or supports ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . But the Act besides states that favoritism can non be considered if it is judged that â€Å" sensible adjustment † was made to let for entree or a â€Å" disproportional load † would be placed on the service supplier to do adjustments, ( National Council for Special Education, 2006:81 ) . For illustration in relation to the scenario, the kid that has the physical disablement might non be able to go to his local primary school because although adjustments such as a incline were installed, that in order to supply other adjustments that it would put a disproportio nal load on the school. Bruce ( 1991 ) cited in Quinn and Redmond ( 2005:145 ) suggests that the entree right besides relates to back up that provide for â€Å" engagement in the societal and cultural life of the community † . Therefore certainly the attending at a local school could be seen as a agency of inclusion for the male child and that exclusion by the school because of no duty to supply services beyond their resources could be considered a misdemeanor of rights with respect to entree as per Bruce ( 1991 ) cited in Quin and Redmond ( 2005 ) . But the fact that the proviso of services is non rights based eliminates the duty of the school to supply services beyond their resources ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007 ) . Education for Persons with Particular Educational Needs Act ( EPSEN ) ( 2004 ) Harmonizing to the National Disability Authority ( 2005 ) the Education for Persons with Particular Educational Needs Act ( EPSEN ) ( 2004 ) set out through its purposes of appropriate instruction, appraisal of identifying of demand, single instruction programs, general allotment system and entreaties to present inclusive instruction for kids with particular educational demands. The Act set out that schools have a responsibility to include kids with particular educational demands and that adjustments are to be made to let inclusion, that the school principal in peculiar had a function to place kids with particular educational demands and arrange appraisal. The appraisal would let the school to use for extra support ( National Disability Authority, 2005 ) . A â€Å" General allotment system † was established that would apportion lasting instructor stations based on the degree of high incidence disablements within the school and the allotment of hours for resource instructors or particular demands helpers for low incidence disablements ( National Council for Special Education, 2006:41 ) . Harmonizing to the National Disability Authority ( 2005 ) the Act stated that the school in partnership with the parents and other professionals would pull up an single educational program to let for the instruction of the kid. The school could be designated by the National Council for Special Education to supply a topographic point in their school for a kid. The Act besides introduced that parents could inform the instructors if they were unhappy with the instruction provided for their kid and that the school was required to turn to this issue. The procedure of entreaties and an Appeals Board was set up to let for referral of differences and possible declaration of differences ( National Disability Authority, 2005 ) . A study by the National Disability Authority ( 2006 ) to reexamine the EPSEN Act ( 2004 ) highlighted assorted facets that were positive and negative. That the General Allocation System was positive in general in that it recognised that supports were needed. But that establishing allotment on degree of high incidence disablements in attending could ensue that pupils that are non within the high-incidence bracket will lose supports that otherwise let them to go to mainstream schools. For illustration described within the low incidence disablements are physical disablement, hearing damage, moderate general acquisition disablement and autism. Concern was raised by parents that kids that were described within high incidence disablements would be more likely to be go toing particular schools that would be more able to supply for their demands. Therefore the degree of high incidence attending would be by and large low in mainstream schools which would impact on allotment of resources as pe r the General Allocation system ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . The study stated that the disablements listed within low incidences does non reflect the diverseness of demand sing supports for integrative instruction and that the General Allocation System by its nature excludes instead than includes ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . Many parents report that entree to mainstream schools for their kids with particular educational demands is hard in that the appraisal of demand for kids is the necessity of the Health Service Executive. Parents are holding jobs deriving appraisal and secondly that the waiting clip for such appraisals is long ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . The appraisal of demand will non needfully measure up that the kid can so travel to a local school in that the school may non be able to supply the adjustments required. With respect to kids with physical disablements the perceptual experience seems to be that if the school provides a incline that it has provided sufficient supports. That the burden is non on schools due to allotment of resources to supply services that have been assessed as needed by the kid and can ensue in the kid being marginalised and excluded if the kid were to stay in mainstream school. Besides that the general physical environment within mainstream schools was non needfully suited to the demands of a kid with disablements and that the inclusion within the school would non be in the kid ‘s best involvements. The assessment procedure is harder to entree for Particular Schools unless they are portion of a clinic that has a resident psychologist. The assessment procedure is in itself labelling in that the p erceptual experience of appraisal of demand automatically deduce an educational restriction within the kid which may non be the instance ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . The inclusive construct of the EPSEN ( 2004 ) was positive in that it gave kids with disablements an chance to socialize with their equals but that the deficiency of supports consequence in exclusion as the kid can non to the full incorporate without these supports ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . An inclusive educational system provides for the diverse demands of all the kids in attending and by offering different supports for the kids needs it celebrates diverseness and encourages engagement harmonizing to Florian and Rouse ( 2009 ) . But allotments based on available resources could propose that the Act has failed in its purposes of inclusion ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . The troubles in deriving entree and supports has resulted that the duty frequently falls to the parents of kids with disablements to supply the educational support ( Power, 2008 ) . Besides the Act states that the particular needs helpers will hold no function in proviso of instruction but th e proviso of attention for the kid ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . But the functions of the particular demand helpers have become education proviso in that resources have impacted on educational supports and that the particular needs helpers are non trained for this function ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . It had been forecasted that the Act would be implemented by 2010 budgetary restraints have delayed the execution of many elements of the Act ( National Council for Special Education, 2008 ) . The system of specifying low-incidence and high-incidence is non rights based in that it does non turn to the single demands of the kid regardless of what incidence they are within and that the allotment of extra resources such as instructors, particular needs helpers and resource support instructors based on the incidences of grades of disablement is non declarative of an participatory programme. The General Allocation System is non rights based in that the system of allotment of resources based on figure of kids with high incidence disablements is prejudiced towards the kids with disablements within the low incidence bracket ( National Disability Authority, 2006 ) . Disability Act ( 2005 ) The Disability Act ( 2005 ) although non straight linked to instruction does hold mention in that it provided for the right to supply for an appraisal of demands sing wellness and instruction, roll uping a service statement, but it does non automatically imply proviso of services to fit demands. Besides the right to appeal determinations sing appraisal and service statement but that there was no resort through the legal system ( National Council for Special Education, 2006 ) . The Disability Act ( 2005 ) although supplying for appraisal of demands sing wellness and instruction have non allocated a minimal degree of service bringing as per the Irish Human Rights Commission ( 2004 ) cited in De Wispelaere and Walsh, ( 2007 ) . That although the appraisal of demand is a definite right that it is undermined by the clause that the Service Statement after the Assessment Report allows that services may non be provided if it is â€Å" non possible or practical to supply † ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007:532 ) and would therefore suggest that the Act is non rights based statute law. Harmonizing to De Wispelaere and Walsh ( 2007 ) with respect to the Disabiltiy Act ( 2005 ) that although a right to appeal is mentioned that the entreaty procedure is drawn-out, in that an entreaty will hold to be addressed by a liaison officer, ailments officer, and entreaties officer whereby the determination made is concluding and that so the lone resort is an entreaty through the High Court. That a individual with a disablement is prevented from availing of an independent justice such as an Ombudsman until the internal entreaty procedure is completed suggests that the entreaties procedure is â€Å" dis-abling † ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007:534 ) . Harmonizing to De Wispelaere and Walsh ( 2007 ) the rights based attack that proviso of services should be a legal right based on demand appraisal has two defects. First that the outlook of bringing of services could ensue in a continual demand on public resources. Second that the warrant of bringing of service could be considered to â€Å" undemocratic † if the proviso of â€Å" disablement rights † were to dispute the rights of a authorities to make up one’s mind â€Å" economic and societal policies † ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007:523 ) . They proposed that a rights based attack should instead than guarantee that all demands are met, that people with disablements should wish the bulk of people have the right to dispute when services are non in topographic point through the general legal system. With respect to the scenario at the start of the essay for the parents of a male child aged five to go to his local primary school and what supports would be available to him. The Disability Act ( 2005 ) allows that the male child ‘s demands are to be assessed but that the bringing of services will be dependent on the equal resources available ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007 ) . Therefore the kid might be assessed to hold a peculiar demand but it would non be the duty of the local primary school to supply the services required for his demand if it was beyond their abilities and resources. The fact that there is no legal demand on a service supplier to guarantee service bringing that would let this male child to go to the school would propose that there is no rights-based attack with respect to disablement statute law and policies in Ireland ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007 ) . Decision Legislation has been put in topographic point within the Irish system that aims to supply instruction for people with disablements. In order to to the full take part entree to instruction and acquisition is overriding but it would look that the rights of the individual with a disablement to hold an equal opportunity of full instruction is determined by standards that measures degrees of disablement instead than diverseness of demand and that adjustment of supports is determined non as a right but as to what resources will be deemed appropriate by Government Departments. Besides that the purposes of the statute law to turn to peculiar issues sing instruction of people with disablements are weakened by the inclusion of clauses such as â€Å" sensible adjustment † and â€Å" disproportional load † ( National Council for Special Education, 2006:81 ) and would propose that the right to instruction is non as clear cut for kids with disablements. Besides disablement rights in Ireland have non received a unequivocal standard sing which rights must be protected and to what grade and that in order to be genuinely rights based this must be the instance ( De Wispelaere and Walsh, 2007 ) . Mention Listing Barnes, C. , and Mercer, G. , ( 2003 ) , Cardinal Concepts: Disability, Cambridge: Polity Press. Dare, A. , and O’Donovan, M. , ( 2002 ) , Good Practice in Caring for Young Children with Special Needs, ( 2nd ed. ) , Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Publishers Ltd. De Wispelaere, J. , and Walsh, J. , ( 2007 ) , ‘Disability Rights in Ireland: History of a Lost Opportunity ‘ , Irish Political Studies, 22, ( 4 ) 517-543. Finnerty, K. and Collins, B. , ( 2005 ) , ‘Social Care and Disability ‘ in Share, P. , and McElwee, N. , Applied Social Care An Introduction for Irish Students, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. Florian, L. , and Rouse, M. , ( 2009 ) , ‘ The Inclusive Practice Project in Scotland: Teacher Education for inclusive instruction ‘ , Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, ( 4 ) , 594 – 601 available from hypertext transfer protocol: //0-www.sciencedirect.com.acpmil02web.ancheim.ie/science? _ob=MImg A ; _imagekey=B6VD8-4VS3P0D-2-1 A ; _cdi=5976 A ; _user=885332 A ; _pii=S0742051X09000353 A ; _origin=search A ; _coverDate=05 % 2F31 % 2F2009 A ; _sk=999749995 A ; view=c A ; wchp=dGLzVzb-zSkWb A ; md5=c293d3d6d7d0f038a88dbfde27e20cea A ; ie=/sdarticle.pdf. [ Accessed 22 October, 2010 ] . Government of Ireland, ( 2000 ) , Equal Status Act, Dublin: Government Stationery Office. Lawson, A. , ( neodymium ) , The EU Rights Based Approach to Disability Some Strategies for Determining an Inclusive Society available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.make-development-inclusive.org/docsen/RBADisability.pdf [ accessed 19 October, 2010 ] . McDonnell, P. , ( 2003 ) , ‘Education Policy ‘ , in Quin, S. , and Redmond, B. , Disability A ; Social Policy in Ireland, Dublin: University College Dublin Press. Mitchell, D. , ( 2004 ) , Particular Educational Needs and Inclusive Education: Systems and Contexts, London: Routledge Falmer. National Council for Particular Education ( 2006 ) , Implementation Report: Plan for the Phased Execution of the EPSEN Act 2004, available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncse.ie/publications/Reports.asp [ accessed 19 October, 2010 ] . National Council for Special Education, ( 2008 ) , Annual Report, available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncse.ie/docs/2008 % 20Annual % 20Report.pdf. [ accessed 25 October, 2010 ] . National Disability Authority on the Web, ( neodymium ) Census, available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nda.ie/cntmgmtnew.nsf/0/5419C80ECE72C05D802570C8003E1D36/ $ File/02_equality.htm [ accessed 17 October, 2010 ] . National Disability Authority, ( 2005 ) , Disability Agenda Issue 2.2 – Education and Disability available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nda.ie/website/nda/cntmgmtnew.nsf/0/9262573A6838EE2780257089003D259F? OpenDocument [ accessed 10 November, 2010 ] . National Disability Authority, ( 2006 ) , Particular Education proviso for kids with disablements in Irish primary schools – the positions of stakeholders available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nda.ie/cntmgmtnew.nsf/0/5B4CE56E1452B0E18025717E00525CDE/ $ File/primary_ed_report_04.htm [ accessed 20 October, 2010 ] . Power, A. , ( 2008 ) , ‘Caring for independent lives: Geographies of caring for immature grownups with rational disablements ‘ , Social Science and Medicine, 67, ( 5 ) , 834 – 843, available from hypertext transfer protocol: //0-www.sciencedirect.com.acpmil02web.ancheim.ie/science? _ob=MImg A ; _imagekey=B6VBF-4STCNP5-8-1 A ; _cdi=5925 A ; _user=885332 A ; _pii=S027795360800275X A ; _origin=search A ; _coverDate=09 % 2F30 % 2F2008 A ; _sk=999329994 A ; view=c A ; wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkzk A ; md5=de26d19922edfedcd2473611744c2216 A ; ie=/sdarticle.pdf. [ accessed 25 October, 2010 ] . Quin, S. , and Redmond, B. , ( 2005 ) , ‘Disability and Social Policy ‘ in Quin, S. , Kennedy, P. , Matthews, A. , and Kiely, G. , Contemporary Irish Social Policy, ( 2nd ed. ) , Dublin: University College Dublin Press. Walmsley, J. , ( 1997 ) , ‘Including Peoples with Learning Troubles: Theory and Practice ‘ , in Barton, L. and Oliver, M. , Disability Studies: Past, Present and Future, Leeds: The Disability Press. How to cite Study into education and people with disabilities, Essay examples

Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Answer: Introduction: The starting of a new business can provide many financial and personal rewards to the entrepreneurs in the future, however they can fac3 many challenges at the beginning. The challenges can be based on the time that is required or the amount of money that is invested. The first major challenge that can be faced by the new business is related to the difficulty related to the search of financial institutions which can be able to provide them with enough support. This means that the organization has to explore various options before it can receive the appropriate resource which can be used successfully. The operations of a business are filled with many ups and downs and this can act as a major challenge for the organization (Albrecht et al. 2015). The pressure to manage time and complete the requires tasks also becomes important for the successful operations of the business. The tasks that can be completed personally can be considered and separated from the tasks that need to outsourced. This will provide the required time that is required by the business owners to perform the important tasks. The business owners need to learn a lot from the various business related activities that they perform and the expertise that is important to run a particular business. The owners need to possess strong knowledge regarding the various functions, like managing employees and marketing. The new business owners need to have the knowledge regarding the management of stress and focussing on their personal lives (Bolden 2016). This will further help in the long-term and sustainable operations of the business organization. The new business organization needs to deal with the high levels of competition from the organizations which are already operating in the industry. This will help them in offering products and services which are unique and better than their competitors. The organization needs to learn the ways of dealing with more people as they require to hire more employees for the proper functioning. The owners will be required to create an efficient and effective team which can help in increasing the revenues and create a different position for the organization in the market (Bourbeau, Lavoie and Sedeno 2015). The owners need to know their vision and identity before they are able to start the operations of the new business. The business organizations can expand their operations in the market by taking various risks. The owners cannot play safe in conducting their business operations. The major risks t hat are taken in the expansion related operations can help in the further establishment of the business in the industry. The new business owners need to design their operations in such a manner so that they can be sustainable in the market. The sustainability related challenges faced by the new business can slow down its growth in the market (Brenkert 2017). The ways of facing these challenges The new business organization needs to first plan its processes and operations and try to gather the appropriate financing that is required for them to sustain. The financing level is important to grow the business the start the required operations. The finances can be further received from the various sources which include, banks and other financial institutions, the personal sources like relatives and friends. The owners need to build a model in such a manner so that the financers can be convinced successfully. The business owners always need to keep back-up resources which can help them in sustaining when they experience losses in the market. This help them to remain in the market and face all the challenges that come in their way. The management of time is important for proper functioning of the business organization in the market (Cardy and Leonard 2014). The owners need to carefully plan for the outsourcing of labour for the activities that they are not able to perform. The costs related to outsourcing also needs to considered beforehand so that the organization can conduct successful planning. The owners need to appoint trainers who can provide the employees with the required skill sets and expertise so that they can operate easily. The gain of knowledge and expertise will help the employees in performing the various tasks in a successful way. The owners of the business need to manage their work life and personal life in an effective manner which can help in reducing stress. The owners need to align the model of their business with the types of employees they hire. This will help them in building an efficient team which will further increase the revenues of the company (Chang and Wyszomirski 2015). The owners need to hire diverse and versatile people who are willing to take risks and work in an independent manner. The financial team of the new business organization needs to keep track of the various operations and manage the receivables and payables in such a manner so that they can plan for any type of financial emergency well in advance. This will also help them in monitoring the turnover of the business. The various professionals appointed by the organizations need to keep a track of the position and activities of the competitors and try to improve their offerings accordingly. They need to create unique value proposition for the customers so that it can help them in gaining competitive advantage in the market. The services and the products of the company need to be unique so they can have an edge over the other in the market (Colombo et al. 2014). The employees of the organization need to be managed in an effective manner and this is possible by motivating them for work by providing extra benefits and rewards. The company also needs to provide a working environment where the employees can work in an effective manner and provide their new ideas and opinions. The dynamic nature of the entrepreneurs can help in creating the dynamic working environment in the organization. The owners need to be clear about vision related to the operations of the organization in the industry. This will help them in creating their own space and raise funds as well. The business owners need to have contingency plans for managing the various risks that are related to the expansion related operations (Crane and Matten 2016). This will help them in sustaining their operations during the crisis periods. Sustainability of operations is of great importance for the organizations in the modern business world. The sustainable policies can help the organizations in operating in the industry for a much longer time in a sustainable manner. The business model needs to be designed effectively so that it is able to create value for the organization. The culture of the organization needs to be developed in a positive manner by the leaders and the managers. This will be helpful for the organization and the ways by which they operate in the industry. The employees need to inculcate themselves in the culture of the organization which can help them in gaining success. The new business needs to have a successful marketing policy which can be helpful for them to increase the awareness of their brand in the market (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). The skills required by the managers for the first three years The skills that are required by the managers of new business organizations are as follows, The managers need to have an analytical mind which can be helpful for them in identifying the opportunities and problems related to a particular situation. This can help them is getting out the best form the organization. They can plan accordingly for their team and create a plan of action as well. The ability of the managers to understand and forecast the benefits of finances can help them in setting up the target for their business (Freeman and Siegfried 2015). The managers need to possess the ability to grow the operations of the business and develop the organization. They need to identify the specific areas of the organization which are not performing according to the expectations. This be helpful in solving the issue and creating a solution. The managers can be effective only if they are able to set target for the business and take steps to achieve the goals. They can further communicate the plans that are important for the achievement of the goals of the company (Kolk 2016). The managers should know their team well so that they are able to manage the teams in an effective manner. The managers need to understand the skills that are possessed by the members of the team and use these skills effectively for increasing the revenues of the company. This can also be helpful in deciding the process of appraisal of the employees. The business market has become competitive in nature and the managers need to be organized in their work processes so that they can manage time effectively. This can further save a lot of time which can be invested in other vital functions of the organization (McGuirk, Lenihan and Hart 2015). The managers need to become a great leader to manage the organizational activities in an effective manner. The leadership skills of the managers can help them in managing the team and organising the work process as well. These skills of the managers can be the most helpful when the organization has to through a crisis period. The managers need to update their skills along with the advances that take place in the technologies. They need to keep up with the changes in various technologies that are related to the modern business world. They need to have knowledge regarding the things that are going on in the other organizations in the industry (Mittal and Dhar 2015). The managers need to have a strong sense related to integrity and ethics that are related to their work process in the organizations. This will help them in sustaining in the business world for a long time and the organization will also be able to maintain its standards. The managers need to believe on the ideas that they are about to implement in the organizations. The motivation levels of the managers impact the operations of the new business organization in the industry. The highly motivated managers are further able to motivate their team and make them work in such a manner so that it can increase the revenues of the organization (Spieth, Schneckenberg and Ricart 2014). The managers need to be able to recognise the talent of the employees and appreciate them for their work as well. The managers who appreciate and recognise the employees for their work are the ones who understand the importance of motivated employees in the organizational processes. This further helps the managers to build trust among his team of employees. The managers also need to possess the capability to connect in a successful manner with the employees. The size of the team of employees decides the ways by which the managers can connect with them. This connection can be created with the help of regular meetings, reviews with the employees. This is an important factor which helps in the formation of effective teams in the new business organizations (Spigel 2017). The managers need to have the ability to delegate the appropriate tasks to the employees based on their capabilities. The sense of trust among the members of the organization is important for the delegation of tasks by the managers. Strategies followed by entrepreneurs to achieve success The entrepreneurs need to build strategies which can help them in choosing their type of business idea and the ways by which they can reach their goals. The successful strategy of the entrepreneurs also involves the gathering of support for their new business venture. The previous work experience of the entrepreneurs can help them in formulating successful strategies for the purpose of achieving success in business. The entrepreneurs mainly use the strategy of analysing their previous experience to understand the skills and the knowledge that they possess to use in their own business. Franchising can help the entrepreneurs in developing their own business. The franchising strategy can provide the entrepreneurs with a particular business idea which they can follow to form their own business operations (Spieth, Schneckenberg and Ricart 2014). The entrepreneurs can be successful in their venture if they have the courage to follow their own gut instincts and develop their idea into an entirely new business. This process can help the entrepreneurs in creating new and untested ventures and ideas which are also innovative in nature. The entrepreneurs sometimes use the strategy of doing things in ways which are different from the ways they were done before. This also helps them in creating a unique and completely new business idea. The entrepreneurs need to be motivated and they should not be influenced by the failures and adversity in the business environment. The main strategy behind becoming a successful entrepreneur is to learn from failures and believe in their own ideas (Freeman and Siegfried 2015). The entrepreneurs need to understand the niche market to be successful in their venture related to the new business. The successful entrepreneurs need to be able to spot and understand the trends in the market and design their ideas accordingly. This will help in recognising the needs of the consumers and their desires so that new market opportunities can be created. The entrepreneurs need to understand the weakness of their competitors and try to develop their services and products in such a manner which can create a competitive advantage in the market. The new entrepreneurs need to reinvent their business operations so that they can update their product offerings according to the changes in the need of the consumers (Chang and Wyszomirski 2015). Resources and the relationships contained by the strategy of an entrepreneur The entrepreneurs need to build relationships and strategies with the customers so that they are able to create an indispensable nature of the company. This can help them in adding value and enhancing their brands in the all the possible ways. Communicating in a frequent manner with the customers can help the entrepreneurs in creating a dynamic atmosphere. The entrepreneur can build successful relationships with the customers by providing them with rewards so that they are attracted towards the organization. The creation of relationships is important for the successful operations and revenue generation of the new business organizations. This will further help them in creating a loyal base of customers (Bolden 2016). The entrepreneurs can plan for many events and programs which can help them in creating awareness about their unique products among the current and the potential customers as well. The entrepreneurs need to create a two communication channel which is related to the custom ers of the company. The interaction with the customers can create a base for the products and the services that are offered by the new business. The business organization needs to build an effective customer service so that they can retain the existing customers and attract the new customers as well (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). The entrepreneurs can therefore try to build a position for their business in the market by creating relationships with the customers who are major parts of the entire operations of the business in the market. This will further enable them to sustain with their business activities for a longer time in the industry. References Albrecht, S.L., Bakker, A.B., Gruman, J.A., Macey, W.H. and Saks, A.M., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), pp.7-35. Bolden, R., 2016. Leadership, management and organisational development. InGower handbook of leadership and management development(pp. 143-158). Routledge. Bourbeau, J., Lavoie, K.L. and Sedeno, M., 2015, August. Comprehensive self-management strategies. InSeminars in respiratory and critical care medicine(Vol. 36, No. 04, pp. 630-638). Thieme Medical Publishers. Brenkert, G.G., 2017. Entrepreneurship, ethics, and the good society. InEntrepreneurship(pp. 85-128). Routledge. Cardy, R. and Leonard, B., 2014.Performance Management: Concepts, Skills and Exercises: Concepts, Skills and Exercises. Routledge. Chang, W.J. and Wyszomirski, M., 2015. What is arts entrepreneurship? Tracking the development of its definition in scholarly journals.Artivate: a journal of entrepreneurship in the arts,4(2), pp.11-31. Colombo, M.G., Mohammadi, A., Rossi-Lamastra, C., Foss, N.J. and Saebi, T., 2014. Innovative business models for high-tech entrepreneurial ventures: the organizational design challenges.Business Model Innovation: The Organizational Dimension, pp.169-190. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015.Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Freeman, D. and Siegfried, R.L., 2015. Entrepreneurial leadership in the context of company start?up and growth.Journal of leadership studies,8(4), pp.35-39. Kolk, A., 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the environment to CSR and sustainable development.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.23-34. McGuirk, H., Lenihan, H. and Hart, M., 2015. Measuring the impact of innovative human capital on small firms propensity to innovate.Research Policy,44(4), pp.965-976. Mittal, S. and Dhar, R.L., 2015. Transformational leadership and employee creativity: mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing.Management Decision,53(5), pp.894-910. Muenjohn, N. and Armstrong, A., 2015. Transformational leadership: The influence of culture on the leadership behaviours of expatriate managers.international Journal of Business and information,2(2). Spieth, P., Schneckenberg, D. and Ricart, J.E., 2014. Business model innovationstate of the art and future challenges for the field.Rd Management,44(3), pp.237-247. Spigel, B., 2017. The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,41(1), pp.49-72.

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller Essay Example For Students

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller Essay Giles Corey, Rebecca Nurse, and John Proctor all have something in common which endanger them when the witch-hunt begins. The play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller is a portrayal of the Salem witch trials. In the play there are three characters, Giles, Rebecca, and John all die at the end. These three people all have something in common which endangers them during the witch-hunt and later leads to their death. The one thing that these three people have in common is that they are all full of pride. One of these people is Giles Corey. In the play he is killed for two different things. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible, by Arthur Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One thing was that he would not give Danforth the name of the person who told him that Thomas Putnam was trying to get rid of the people in the town so that he could buy their land when they were gone. This is what originally got him arrested. Later they charged him as a witch and he would not answer his indictment. Because he didn? t answer his indictment they could not charge him with being a witch. Therefore, he saved his name and his pride. Another person who has the same thing in common with Giles is Rebecca. Throughout the play there are time where she shows the reader these qualities. When she is faced with something she will always follow her religion. Never will she go against her religion even if it means to save her life. An example from the book is when she is in court and in jail Hale is begging with her to confess. She will not confess and she is later hung. Because of her stubbornness or pride she lost her life. Another person is John proctor who also his pride gets in the way of his decision making. One reason, which goes along with most of the people, was that he did not confess in the court. Later in the story, however, he does decide to confess. He signs the papers and everything. He is fine with this until he finds out that the signed confession will be posted on the door of the church. When he finds this out he then rips up the paper and does not confess. He is also hung for this and all because he wanted to save his name. In The Crucible many people were falsely accused and murdered for no reason. These three people could have prevented their own death if it were not for their pride. All they had to do was confess and spend some time in jail and that would be it. Because they wanted to save their names and pride they all ended up killing themselves.

Hospitality and Tourism Marketing Strategies The WritePass Journal

Hospitality and Tourism Marketing Strategies 1.0 Introduction Hospitality and Tourism Marketing Strategies 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Porter 5 forces analysis of TravelodgeForce 1:  The  degree  of  rivalryForce2: The threat of entryForce3: The threat of substitutes Force4: Buyers powerForce5: suppliers power1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Porter 3 generic strategies1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Value chain analysis of TravelodgePrimary ActivitiesOperationsOutbound LogisticsMarketing and SalesServiceSupport ActivitiesTechnology DevelopmentHuman Resource Management (HRM)Firm Infrastructure2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boston Box Matrix analysis2.3 Product life cycleProduct life cycleIntroduction StageGrowth StageMaturity StageDecline Stage2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market segmentationBusiness TravellersLeisure TravellersGroup Meeting TravellersOther Travellers3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creating and Developing Customer loyalty Zone 1: The Zone of IndifferenceZone 2: The Zone of SatisfactionZone 3: The Zone of DelightZone 4: The Zone of Loyalty3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Network and relationship marketing3.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Viral and Guerrilla marketingReferencesRelated 1.0 Introduction The original Travel Lodge brand was first established by its founder Scott King, in 1939 by opening the first motels in southern California. During its starting phase, it highlighted itself as a budget motel chain offering functional accommodation at lower rate than other lower chain by providing comfortable beds, free TV and room phones, carpeted floors, in-room coffee pots and pools. Travel Lodge is fastest growing and most recognized budget Hotel Company in the United Kingdom. Travelodge  currently has  466  hotels  and  32,477  rooms  in  the UK, Ireland  and Spain. The  budget  hotel chain  has  one  goal  is  to have  1,100  hotels  in Europe  with more  than 100,000  rooms  in 2025. With  5,714  rooms and  40  hotels in  the  capital, Travelodge,  the fastest  growing hotel chain,  has taken the title  of  being  the  largest brand from the  Hilton  hotel  in London. This company was first lunched as first budget hotel brand in the UK in 1985 and is today one of the major branded hotel companies in the united kingdom with nearly 460 hotels. This chain is employing around six thousands staffs and more than seven million people stayed there in 2010 and more than eight seven booking are being made through online. Room rated start at  £19 per night, which is attracting the huge amoun t of customers. Travelodge is a brand champion of consumers; focus on driving prices in the hotel industry to encourage more people to use the hotels. Low prices of the chain budget delivered by commitment to operational efficiency and low cost business model. Only this year, Travelodge will offer over  £ 2,000,000 rooms at  £ 29 or less. Travelodge Heathrow Central 3 star hotel is situated on the Bath Road where most big Heathrow hotels are located. Its actually in the far east of the airport perimeter which is about 2 miles from terminals 1, 2 and 3 in the central area and terminal 4 in the southeast corner of the airport. This situation is actually quite convenient for the West London / Central London as the right side of the A4 London airport. A normal journey by car / taxi in west London takes about 20 minutes and 30-40 minutes to central areas. This location travel lodge was established in 2008 with the aim of providing budget priced accommodation in the Heathrow area. There is licensed bar cafe where breakfast, lunch, snack, dinner and drinks can be purchased within the hotel. 1.1 Porter 5 forces analysis of Travelodge Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School developed a five forces framework for industry analysis and business marketing strategy development in 1979, which was aimed to increase the overall industry profitability. As stated by porter (1980) there are five forces that determine industry attractiveness and long-run industry profitability. These five competitive forces are: The threat of entry of new competitors (new entrants) The threat of substitutes The bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of suppliers The degree of rivalry between existing competitors This forces and their rivalry can be best understood by the following diagram: Source: Porter (1980) Force 1:  The  degree  of  rivalry The  intensity  of  the  rivalry, which is  the  most  obvious  of  the  five  forces  in  an  industry, helps  determine  the extent to  which  the value  created by  an  industry  that  is  dissipated through the head  to  head  competition.  The most valuable contribution  of  Porters  five forces in the  context  of  this  problem  may  be  its suggestion  that  rivalry,  while important, is  just one of  several  forces that  determine  industry attractiveness. The degree of rivalry is very high because Heathrow area is the busiest area where around 50 star hotels are operating among them 16 hotels are 3 stars so, but Travelodge is competing with them with its cheapest budget 3 star hotel with high standard infrastructure and service. Premier inn is the one of the largest competitor having more rooms and facilities more than but Travelodge low price strategy and global largest chain playing the great role. Force2: The threat of entry Potential and existing competitors influence average industry profitability. Unless the entry of new firm is barred, the rate of profit will fall towards its competitive level. The threat of entry rather than actual entry might be sufficient to make sure that established firm constrains their price to the competitive level. By contrast, existing entry barriers whenever difficult or not economical feasible for an outsider to replicate the position of incumbents (Porter, 1980; Sanderson, 1998). Threat of new entry is low as brands  are  very important  in  the hospitality industry.   Travelodge  use  its name  from a  strong brand  to attract new  customers  and  retain  old ones.  Moreover,  an economy  of scale is also  a  very  important  factor  inthis  industry.   The  profitability  of  Travelodge  is  higher  than  the individual operations.  A  new entrant  cannot compete  with established players  in terms  of quality and  price  if  they can  achieve economies  of scale.  Being  Travelodge, a capital  intensive industry  with  a lot  of it, tied  in fixed costs,  makes  entry  to most difficult.  Protection  of the  Government  for the tourism sector  is very  high and  this  in turn  blends  into  the  hotel industry  and it is  thus  attractive  industry  in  general. Force3: The threat of substitutes A threat  of substitutes  exists  if  there are  alternative products with  lower  prices  of  better performance  parameters  for the same purpose.  They could potentially  attract  a significant proportion  of  market volume  and hence  reduce the  potential  sales volume for  existing industries. This  category  also  relates  to  complementary products. The main  substitutes  for the  hotel industry  are camping  and  recreational vehicles  for tourists,  corporate  guest houses  for business travellers  and  other  informal  means  of accommodation  with family  and friends.  Compared to  the  hospitality industry, these are much  cheaper alternatives, so  their prices  very high  values and  switching costs  very low.  This  makes  the  attractiveness of  the industry  in terms of  substitutes,  low. But, Travelodge is the one who is offering the high standard service at cheap price so the threat of substitutes is low. Force4: Buyers power The most important  factors affecting the  purchasing power  are the  size  and concentration  of customers.  Other factors,  the  extent to which  buyers  are informed  and concentration  or diversity of  competitors. Kippenberger  (1998)  states that  it is  often useful  to distinguish  the potential  buyer  in the purchasing power  of  desire  or  incentive to use  that  power, readiness,  which comes  mainly from the  risk of  failure,  associated  with its use. As far as the cheap price accommodation, there is low buyers power in case of Travelodge. Travelodge has numerous customers who are relatively very small in size. Loss of a single customer has little impact on it and finally this drives down the buyers bargaining power. Likewise buyers threat of backward integration is almost impossible and so is the company threat is forward integration. Force5: suppliers power The term suppliers include all the sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide goods or services. Basically the key suppliers of the hotel industries are; labour suppliers and real estate suppliers. All the suppliers in the market are defined as customers suppliers those who supply customers like travel agents, airlines companies, and other organisations where as property owners, infrastructure suppliers and housing and decoration are real state suppliers. Beside that labour suppliers have also key role to the company. Overall, supplier power is low as customers suppliers is low as it is the budget chain hotel and get customers from its chain hotels along that its cheap accommodation is also the main customer attractiveness. About the labour suppliers they have also moderate power because of the huge number of labour suppliers so they is big competition between the suppliers, on the other hand due to the national legal policy, minimum wages has to be paid so unlike other countries, this company cant hire the labour less than minimum wages. The number  of suppliers  for the  hotel  industry  is quite  large and  each supplier  is very  small  compared to  the  leading  players  in the industry.  Few powerful  players are  essential  to the  suppliers.  Substitutability  suppliers  are also  quite  possible  and affordable.  Switching  between  estate agents  is not  going to  affect  significantly  the companys  hotel.  However,  in terms of  quality,  training centres  for  workers  and producers  who provide  ICT  systems  that for  property management  are relatively  difficult to replace.  Therefore,  in terms of  attractiveness of  alternative  suppliers of  the industry  is moderately  high. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Porter 3 generic strategies Porters  generic strategy  matrix,  which  emphasise  the  costs leadership,  differentiation and focus  based on  three options for  businesses,  has  dominated  competitive firms strategy since Generic strategies were first presented in two books by Professor Michael Porter of the Harvard Business School (Porter, 1980, 1985).  According to  this  model,  a company  can  choose  how  to compete  on the  basis  of match  between  the  type  of competitive advantage  and objective  market  as  the main  determinants  of  choice. Porter, generic strategy  typology  remains a most  notably  in  the  strategic  management literature. A  business  can maximize performance  either  by  striving  to  be the  low cost producer  in an  industry  or  by  differentiating their line of products  or  services  from other companies; either of these  two  approaches  can  be a ccompanied by  a focus of organizing efforts  in a  particular  segment market. Travelodge business purpose is to provide its service for everyone by delivering low cost and maximum value for money accommodation to all customers and highly attractive, efficient and convenient stop-overs or stay-overs. Its overall strategy is cost leadership, this can be realised by its offer room starting from  £19, where as its more than 80% internet booking playing a key role to minimise its operational cost, as a result it has been possible to become cost leadership. 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Value chain analysis of Travelodge The value chain is a systematic approach to examining the development of competitive advantage. It was created by M. E. Porter in his book, Competitive Advantage (1980). The chain consists of a series of activities that create and build value. They culminate in the total value delivered by an organisation. The margin depicted in the diagram is the same as added value. The organisation is split into primary activities and support activities. Primary Activities Inbound Logistics Activities related to receiving the materials from the supplier, storing them externally sourced materials and handling them within the firm where goods are received from a companys suppliers and are stored until they are needed on the production/assembly line is called inbound logistics. Travelodge ensures the right components are delivered to the right manufacturing point at the right time and they appoint their right supplier in time with certain terms and conditions, therefore the inbound logistics is good. Operations This section includes all the activities concern with the production of products and services. In case of Travelodge, it has been divided into three sections as reception, room service and food service. Its food service is delivered thorough its restaurant, it has its own business, there is no connection with residence and food like others star hotel. As far as the customers complaints found in blog, most of them are related to cleaning and security, so Travelodge is operation is not so good its just moderate. Outbound Logistics The goods are now finished, and they need to be sent along the supply chain to wholesalers, retailers or the final consumer. These are all the activities related to distributing the final product or service to the customers. Travelodge has its unique outbound logistic system where they get customer from its travel agents, its own branches and its cheapest budget hotel policy. Because of its good outbound logistics system, travel is the one of the hotel chain, which didnt suffer of last economic downturn. Marketing and Sales In true customer orientated fashion, at this stage the organisation prepares the offering to meet the needs of targeted customers. This area focuses strongly upon marketing communications and the promotions mix. In Travelodge, this area essentially analyses the needs and desires of customers and its responsible for creating awareness among the target group about the company products and services. Travelodge is using the marketing communication like advertising, sales promotion and cheapest budget hotel strategy to attract the customers to their products. By analysis its marketing and sales, it seem to be at good position, their e-marketing is excellent because of that Travelodge is saving its huge amount of money in advertising. Travelodge subsidiaries are in throughout the world so it marketing of any part of the world to some extent affects company popularity. Recently, Travelodge has an advertising agreement with Google which is expected to enhance the sales. The new strategy has been created to differentiate Travelodge from competitors in hotel sector and to move its marketing focus beyond its cheap price. New campaign the Sleep Tight will be a collection of cuddly toy animals going under the name Mr Sleep and the Z Squad. The marketing team is doing whatever is necessary to ensure a good night’s sleep and the first advertisement lunched on first may 2010. Travelodge launched a new TV advert in February 2011, featuring its famous Mr Sleep and his pal Big Ted. The 30 second TV ad featured the two teddy bears travelling around the UK, staying at various Travelodge hotels. Service This includes all areas of service such as installation, after-sales service, complaints handling, training and so on. There is often required to provide services like pre-installation or after-sales service before or after the sale of the products or service. Travelodge is mostly focusing on its pre-installation service and less effort on after sales service so they are not handling their customer complaints. Support Activities Procurement This function is responsible for all purchasing of goods, services and materials. The aim is to secure the lowest possible price for purchases of the highest possible quality. They will be responsible for outsourcing and purchasing using IT and web-based technologies to achieve procurement aims. Procurement activities are running through a system, like purchasing goods is being done by the competition between the suppliers and IT infrastructure contact with big IT companies. Technology Development Technology is an important source of competitive advantage in Travelodge by using them to innovate to reduce costs and to protect and sustain competitive advantage. This could include production technology, Internet marketing activities, lean manufacturing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and many other technological developments. Travelodge is very good for using latest and modern mainly internet technology. Human Resource Management (HRM) Employees are an expensive and vital resource. An organisation would manage recruitment and s election, training and development, and rewards and remuneration. The mission and objectives of the organisation would be driving force behind the HRM strategy. Travelodge has its own HR department where all recruitment selection, training and rewarding system are being done. For cleaning service, Travelodge has a contract with other outside cleaning companies with certain terms and conditions and is supervising their works. Firm Infrastructure This activity includes and is driven by corporate or strategic planning. Travelodge uses the Management Information System (MIS) and other mechanisms for planning and control such as the accounting department, finance and corporate strategy which make Travelodges better company infrastructure. 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boston Box Matrix analysis The Boston box is a classic tool of strategic planning and was developed in the early 1970s by Bruce Henderson. Matrix provides a useful tool for analysing an organisations portfolio of business units, product lines, offerings or activities. It helps businesses to identify which products to invest in and which not to invest in depending on their relative market share and the growth rate of the markets they serve. Using the BCG Box, a company classifies all its strategic business units according to two dimensions as horizontal axis; relative market share this serves as measure strength in the market this provides a measure of market attractiveness. Residential rooms are the product of Travelodge, by selling them it has been running its business and now it steps to the stage where company is getting a good profit and investing to expand its service. By dividing the matrix into four areas, four types of units can be distinguished: Stars   Stars are high growth businesses or products competing in markets where they are relatively strong compared with the competition. Often they need heavy investment to sustain their growth. Eventually their growth will slow and, assuming they maintain their relative market share, will become cash cows. Cash Cows   Cash cows are low-growth businesses or products with a relatively high market share. These are mature, successful businesses with relatively little need for investment. They need to be managed for continued profit so that they continue to generate the strong cash flows that the company needs for its Stars. Question marks   Question marks are businesses or products with low market share but which operate in higher growth markets. This suggests that they have potential, but may require substantial investment in order to grow market share at the expense of more powerful competitors. Management have to think hard about question marks which ones should they invest in? Which ones should they allow to fail or shrink? Dogs   Unsurprisingly, the term dogs refers to businesses or products that have low relative share in unattractive, low-growth markets. Dogs may generate enough cash to break-even, but they are rarely, if ever, worth investing in. As Travelodge has high market share with a slow-growing industry and these units typically generating cash in excess of the amount of cash needed to maintain the business therefore falls on cash cow business strategic units. This company is running more than 30 years and successful business in UK hotel industry with relatively little need for investment. 2.3 Product life cycle The life of a product is the period over which it appeals to customers. The sales performance of any product rises from nothing when the product is introduced to the market reaches a peak and then declines to nothing again. With respect to the revenues generated by a product over a period of time, there are various stages that are achieved by any product. This is called a product’s life cycle. A product life cycle mainly consists of below mentioned four stages. Product life cycle Source: Graham R. Massey, (1999) Introduction Stage At the Introduction Stage market size and growth is slight. It is possible that substantial research and development costs have been incurred in getting the product to this stage. In addition, marketing costs may be high in order to test the market, undergo launch promotion and set up distribution channels. It is highly unlikely that companies will make profits on products at the Introduction Stage. Products at this stage have to be carefully monitored to ensure that they start to grow. Otherwise, the best option may be to withdraw or end the product. Travelodge created product awareness develop a market for the product. No profits were made when it was at introduction stage as development costs have not yet been covered. It took a substantial amount of time to catch on in the market before they enter their growth phases. Growth Stage The Growth Stage is characterised by rapid growth in sales and profits. Profits arise due to an increase in output economies of scale and possibly better prices. At this stage, it is cheaper for businesses to invest in increasing their market share as well as enjoying the overall growth of the market. Accordingly, significant promotional resources are traditionally invested in products that are firmly in the Growth Stage. After the   year of 2000, Travelodge is considered in growth stage, when it was expanding throughout UK and they were investing their profit to open new hotels. Maturity Stage Currently Travelodge is in maturity stage, maturity Stage is, perhaps, the most common stage for all markets. It is in this stage that competition is most intense as companies fight to maintain their market share. Here, both marketing and finance become key activities. Marketing spend has to be monitored carefully, since any significant moves are likely to be copied by competitors. The Maturity Stage is the time when most profit is earned by the market as a whole. Any expenditure on research and development is likely to be restricted to product modification and improvement and perhaps to improve production efficiency and quality. Decline Stage Travelodge is expected to be in maturity stage after some decades when its market is shrinking, reducing the overall amount of profit that can be shared amongst the remaining competitors. At this stage, great care has to be taken to manage the product carefully. It may be possible to take out some production cost, to transfer production to a cheaper facility, sell the product into other, cheaper markets. Care should be taken to control the amount of stocks of the product. Ultimately, depending on whether the product remains profitable, a company may decide to end the product. As travel was established before more than 25 years and it has more than 460 hotels in United Kingdom, it is making a good profit and one of the established budget hotel therefore it is in the maturity stage in the life cycle. 2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market segmentation Segmentation is the term given to the grouping of customers with similar needs by a number of different variables. Once this has been done, segments can be targeted by a number of targeting strategies.   Based on Travelodge business goal, competition and customers, they have divided their market into four segments business, leisure, group, and other as described below: Business Travellers Business travellers represent a large portion of lodging demand in many market areas.   Travelodge include people travelling on business representing commercial, industrial and governmental organizations. It is important to understand why business travellers are visiting the market area and how many room nights they generate.   Reasons for visiting a particular area might include conducting business with a company recruiting, training, management meetings calling on multiple businesses and stopping over between destinations. Leisure Travellers Leisure travellers may visit an area for a vacation, to attend sporting or social events, to shop, or to visit friends and relatives.   They might be staying over simply because they are travelling to other destinations. Leisure travellers may be individuals, couples, families, or small groups.   Travellers visiting hospitals and universities are typically included in this market segment. Leisure room demand is often seasonal.   In larger, Travelodge more urban market areas, leisure room demand may be limited to weekends, summer months and holiday periods. Group Meeting Travellers For Travelodge, group market consists of both leisure and business travellers but due to the size of meeting or gathering hall they limited this segment as small group meeting travellers.   Leisure groups include bus tours, school activities, athletic events, etc.   Tour groups are often brought to an area for sightseeing and attending special events.   Local attractions that appeal to leisure tour groups may have records of the numbers and names of tour operators who have visited their attractions. Business group meetings are typically associated with board meetings, training programs, seminars, trade shows, and other gatherings.   Often the sponsoring organization will be from the local area.   Out-of-town organizations may use logical meeting facilities because they often rotate the sites of their regional meetings.   Information on the group meeting market can be obtained through state chapters Other Travellers Various lodging customers cannot be classified under the categories of business, leisure, or group. These travellers may include construction workers, truckers, utility crews and others.   Activity at local truck stops, distribution centres, long term construction projects and other sources of demand could help you estimate the significance of this market segment. 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creating and Developing Customer loyalty Generally, customer loyalty can be defined making customers feel that they are the companys number one priority. Competitive advantage can be achieved through customer loyalty. This is the way to gain the best kind of customers, repeat customers. Repeat customers tend to spend more money and provide the best personal advertising. Customers feel customer loyalty when they consistently purchase a certain product or brand over an extended period of time. As an example, many customers stick to a certain travel operator due to the positive experiences they have had with their products and services. In Travelodge, customer loyalty is the key objective of customer relationship management and describes the loyalty which is established between a customer and companies, persons, products or brands. This company believes that the individual market segments should be targeted in terms of developing customer loyalty. The Customer Loyalty Grid is helpful to understand customer loyalty better. This grid is divided into four zones, as shown in the diagram below: Zone 1: The Zone of Indifference Zone of indifference includes those services which are unstated but expected. Literally, this includes all those customer needs and wants that are basic to fulfilling the contract between you and them. For example, customers expect to be treated with courtesy and respect, and would probably be puzzled and maybe even insulted if customer asked them if this was a need. It of course is, and if dont meet this need; it will cause dissatisfaction for example sometimes travel lodge cleaning service and infrastructure are criticised by the customer. If you meet this basic and obvious need, the best you can hope for is indifference. Zone 2: The Zone of Satisfaction This is where your customer actually tells what is important to them. Meeting a customers needs here will cause satisfaction, whereas not meeting them will cause huge dissatisfaction. For example, Travelodge advertise that it has offer room for  £19 per night, customer think that if even they don’t book before, it not going to hogh price for the room but sometime it is, this cause a customer dissatisfaction. It is an expectation, simply because other organizations that the customer deals with provide this benefit. Zone 3: The Zone of Delight This is where your customer hopes for something, asks for it, but really does not expect to provide it. This is opportunity to provide something beyond their expectations and by so doing will create delight. For example, a customer might ask for something that is usually available only in a premium priced product. Not providing it will unlikely cause dissatisfaction. Therefore this is an area for particular attention in building a loyal customer base. This area is not seem to be good at Travelodge. Zone 4: The Zone of Loyalty This is an area where hotel expertise in whatever product or service you provide and the customers lack of knowledge can really give back. Providing benefits above and beyond what the customer is even aware of can create a loyal customer. This requires you to be really proactive in suggesting to customers new innovations that they can really benefit from. Many customers will be even willing to pay extra for this. In case of Travelodge, it is very careful about the hidden cost of hotel so tries to offer like welcome drinks, some gift for celebrating birthday customer. At Travelodge, Customer loyalty is the key objective of customer relationship management and describes the loyalty which is established between a customer and companies, persons, products or brands. If this company be careful about all the zone of matrix then of it will create and develop best customer loyalty than currently. 3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Network and relationship marketing Network and Relationship Marketing has evolved as a strategic marketing approach which is oriented towards attaining long-term profitability and value creation by interactions and mutual exchange among customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. It is also can be adopted to enhance the competitiveness and profitability of a value delivery network (supply chain). Better integration and shared mutual values can be developed through relationship marketing across value delivery network. Network marketing is commonly known as multi-level marketing. It is part of the direct selling industry and is run as a business-distribution model that allows a parent company to market its products directly to consumers through a large network of distributors and consumers, thereby bypassing the middleman. Travelodge is mainly focus on relationship marketing, they have a customer record keeping system so they treat regular customer specially. They are promoting relationship marketing by developing the good relationship.    3.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Viral and Guerrilla marketing Guerrilla Marketing is an unconventional system of promotions on a very low budget, by relying on time, energy and imagination instead of big marketing budgets. The term has since entered the popular vocabulary to also describe aggressive, unconventional marketing methods generically. Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness, through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It can be word-of-mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the Internet. Viral marketing is a marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message voluntarily. Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactive Flash games, images, or even text messages. As travel is considered itself as a largest budget hotel in UK and investing millions of pound on marketing so Travelodge don’t think about adopting Guerrilla marketing.   But talking about viral marketing Travelodge is to some extent using if we see internet we can see many images and video clips about the service and infrastructures. Viral marketing is the Travelodge authorised company strategy as well but guerrilla marketing is not Travelodge policy.    References Porter, M.E. (1980)  Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors  , Free Press, New York, 1980. Sanderson, S. (1998) New approaches to strategy: new ways of thinking for the millennium, Management Decision, Vol. 36 issue 1, pp.9-13. Graham R. Massey, (1999) Product evolution: a Darwinian or Lamarckian phenomenon?, Journal of Product Brand Management, Vol. 8 Iss: 4, pp.301 318 Howard, Theresa (2005).  USAToday: Viral advertising spreads through marketing plans.  USA Today. Fornell, C. and Wernerfet, B. (1987) Defensive marketing strategy by customer complaint management  : a theoretical analysis,  Journal of Marketing Moloney, Chris X. (2006) Winning Your Customer’s Loyalty: The Best Tools, Techniques and Practices AMA Workshop Event(s). Misc. materials distributed related to event(s). Kotler, Philip, Armstrong, Gary, Saunders, John and Wong, Veronica. (1999). Principles of Marketing 2nd  ed. Prentice Hall Europe McKenna, R. (1991) Marketing is Everything,  Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb, 1991, pp 65–70

Toyota study (Strategic Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toyota study (Strategic Management) - Essay Example To almost anyone you turn to, strategy is a course of action, it is a plan or a way of doing things unique to a particular organisation or identical to other organisations. It is some sort of consciously intended guidelines to deal with a situation. In management, however "strategy is a unified, comprehensive, and integrated plan.designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved" (Mintzberg H. et al 2003:4). According to Johnson et al (2005), taking a business from where it is to the future or desired state involves some strategic decisions and choices. Strategic choices are concerned with decisions about future state of organisations. Strategic advantages are not always achieved by competition alone. Collaboration between potential buyers and sellers and some other dealers turn to be very beneficial and advantageous when negotiation and contracting costs reduces (JSW: 2005:261) Corporate level strategy is more concern with product diversity, market diversity, corporate parenting and managing portfolio. As our client have restriction on product diversity based upon contract conditions with the respective supplier, and the lack of portfolio of business to operate upon we will concentrate our corporate decision based on market diversity and corporate parenting roles. Questions like, Should we grow Which business unit should we grow How do we grow the business unit And what activities must be given up by our client to grow The choices include, collaboration, or international expansion, diversification or development of traditional Toyota brand. Expanding into more eco-friendly vehicles. The international strategy of Toyota Company also takes into account the value adding services it provides to its partners and dealers in different countries. By adding value to its partners Toyota increases its market potential and customer base in different geographical locations. By maintaining long-term relationship with its dealers and stakeholders the company meets one of its major objectives. The company has increasing used partners worldwide to benefit from its generic focus and cost leadership strategy. To the company, "offering inexpensive but durables cars and is essential for customer's satisfaction. By working with partners in different locations, Toyota has gained lasting competitive advantage over its competitors. Because of synergistic gains resulting from such partnership, the company as a whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This is consistent with Javidan (1998:6) finding that successful organisation demonstrate a particular set of mindset. To these organisations, collaboration and partnering is viewed as an opportunity not a threat. The company unique resources which include its patents, trademark, resources rights (Cotton), strategic